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Orchids, Simplified
The total number of orchid species is said to be about 30,000, but this is open to dispute as leading taxonomists cannot always agree on what constitutues a separate species.
Then we get to the over 110,000 cultivars (cultivated varieties) of orchids registered on the International Register of Orchids. These cultivars are intentionally cross-pollinated to create desired traits in the new generation.
In simplest terms, there are two categories of orchids, terrestrial orchids and epiphytes.
As the name suggests, terrestrial orchids, such as Cymbidium, spring forth from the ground. The epiphytes make themselves comfortable by attaching to trees. Both these types of orchids can grow in two different ways:
Sympodial orchids:
With sympodial orchids the new shoots emerge alongside of the old plants, causing lateral spread. The cattleya orchid is a sympodial-epiphyte. Sympodial-epiphyte orchids usually have storage stems, pseudobulbs or bulbs, in order to help them survive in the dry season.
Monopodial orchids:
Instead of a lateral spread like sympodial orchids, monopodial orchids' new growth sprout from the apex making it taller. The leaves are well arranged alternately around the stem. Vandas and phalaenopsis' are examples of monopodial orchids.
A vast majority of orchids grown today are hybrids. These "new" orchid species may result from crossing two related species, or from three to four different genera.
Once you experience the different types of orchids, it is easy to see why many have come to consider orchids as the most beautiful, the most sensual, and the most exotic of flowers.
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